Fig. 3
From: Distinct lipid membrane interaction and uptake of differentially charged nanoplastics in bacteria
Molecular dynamics simulations of the interaction between differentially charged nanoplastics and the cytoplasm membrane. a Representative trajectories for the simulations of the binding of negatively-charged, neutral, and positively-charged nanoplastics (16Â nm) with the mimic E. coli cytoplasm membrane (3:1Â mol ratio of POPE:POPG). POPE, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; POPG, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl -sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl glycerol. b Time evolution of the interaction energy (including vdW and Coul energies) between differentially charged nanoplastics and E. coli cytoplasm membrane. Three independent simulations were indicated with numbers. c Time evolution of Coul energies between differentially charged nanoplastics and the E. coli cytoplasm membrane. d Time evolution of insertion depth of differentially charged nanoplastics. e The lipid tail order in terms of chain order Schain