Sequential scheme of the experiments performed. Rat BMSC-derived exosomes were extracted and then encapsulated in fibrin gel to form Gel-Exo. The repair effects of Gel-Exo on SCI mice were investigated, and the underlying mechanisms were studied using RNA-seq analysis. VGF and VGF-mediated oligodendrogenesis were identified, then VGF lentivirus was employed to overexpress VGF in the lesion site of SCI, which accelerated the recovery of SCI. The figure was created with BioRender.com