Table 1 Biomedical applications of 2D nanomaterials

Graphene

Bone regeneration

[18, 19]

Neural/Muscle regeneration

[20,21,22]

Drug /gene delivery

[23,24,25]

Bioimaging

[26, 27]

Biosensing

[28, 29]

TMDCs

Drug delivery

[30, 31]

Photothermal therapy

[32, 33]

Bioimaging

[34, 35]

Biosensing

[36, 37]

BP

Drug Delivery

[38, 39]

3D Printing

[40, 41]

Bioimaging

[41, 42]

LDHs

Drug/gene/protein Delivery

[16, 43, 44]

Bioimaging

[45, 46]

Biosensing

[16, 47]

Tissue engineering

[46, 48]

Photoluminescence

[49]

TMCs

Biosensing

[50]

Bioimaging

[51]

Theranostics

[50, 52]

Antibacterial activity

[53]