Table 2 Summary of experimental conditions, adsorption kinetic, removal efficiencies, and mechanisms of different organic and inorganic NMs for environmental pollutants remediation
Nanomaterials | Pollutants | Experimental conditions | qmax (mg/g) Ads kinetics | Removal efficiency(L/Fa) | R2 | Mechanismb | References | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sorbent mg/L initial | Ads(g/L) | Temp (C) | pH optimal | Time (h) | |||||||
Fly ash | Methyl blue | 16 | 0.01 mol/L | 20 | 4.8–5.3 | 1 | 12.78 2nd | L | 0.99 | Co | [6] |
OMWCCNTs | Pefloxacin, Cu (II) | 50 | 1/0.2 | 25 | 3.5 | 4 | 204.4, 186.5 2nd | 28.72 L | 0.94 | E, π–π, C | [131] |
CS/MWCNT | Phenol | 30 | 50/0.3 | 25, 40, 54 | 3–5 | 1 | 86.96 g/g 2nd | L | 0.99 | E, π–π | [60] |
Co2Fe2O4@SiO2@EDTA | Hg | 20 | 0.01 | 25 | 7 | 6 | 103.13 2nd | L | 0.99 | C | [132] |
Fe3O4-C-MnO2 | Uranium (U) (VI), europium (III) | 100/0.05 | 0.3 | 25 | 5 | 77.71–51.01, 2nd | 97.6 | – | S.C | [133] | |
γ-Fe2O3 | Vanadium | 25,470 | 60 | 25 | 10 | 4 | – | 97 | – | I.E | [134] |
Fe3O4-CS@BT | Chromium (IV) | 20, 50, 60, 100 | 0.005 | 25 | 2 | 3 | 62.1 2nd | L | 0.99 | E.A | [135] |
MNPs- polyglycerol | copper (Cu+2), nickel (Ni+) and Aluminum (Al+3) | 48 | 30 mg/L | 20 | 9 | 2 | 0.70, 0.45, 0.79 2nd | 85 F | 98 | S.B, M.D | [8] |
SBA-15-aminopropyl | Pb (II) | 80 | 1 mg/mL | 25 | 5 | 4 | 149.1 2nd | L | 0.99 | Ch, C | [136] |
ZnxFe3–xO4-NPs | Diclofenac | 2.96 | 0.17 | 20 | – | 8 min | – | 90 | – | O, R | [36] |
Fe3O4-ZnO-chitosan-glutaraldehyde | Brilliant blue | 50–250 | 0.06 | 60 | 4 | 0.58 | 176 2nd | F | 0.97 | E, H | [137] |
ZIF-8 | Arsenic (III) and (V) | 10.6 | 0.5 | 25 | 7 | 24 | 30.87, 17.51 2nd | L | 0.96, 0.98 | S.C | [138] |
ZrP@1,8-Diaminoctane | U | 12 | 0.06 | 34 | 4 | – | 1.51–1.33 mmol/g 2nd | 97 L | 0.99 | E.A, Ch, C | [139] |
HA-O/Fe3O4 | Pb (II), Cu (II), cadmium (Cd) (II), and Ni (II) | 10/0.1 | 1/0.001 | 25 | 5.5 | – | 111.1, 76.2, 71.4, 33.3 2nd | 95 L | 0.99 | E.A | [14] |
Fe3O4-MoO3-AC | Ciprofloxacin | 5 | 0.005 | 25 | 6 to 8 | 0.1 | 47.29 2nd | L | 0.99 | H, π–π | [140] |
Ti3C2-MoS2 | Paraquat | 60 | 0.01 | 25 | 7 | 3 | 165.384 2nd | F | 0.97 | E.A | [141] |
LDPE/ZnO Blends | Bacteria, fungus, formaldehyde, toluene | 1000 | 20 | 50 | 10 | 0.5 | – | B, F: 99.9,F:85.3, T: 82.3 | – | D, P, O | [37] |
C-Fe/Ni | Ar (V) | 1 | 1 | 29 | 6 | 24 | 1.176 2nd | 87.3 L | 0.98 | E. R | [72] |
ZIF-8@Cu | PFOS | 0.1 | ∼8.0 mg | 25 | – | 24 | 0.08 | 98 | 0.99 | E.A, H.I | [142] |
PCN-222-MOF | PFOS | 500 | 0.003 | 25 | 4.1–5.3 | 24 | 2257 2nd | L | 0.99 | E.A, H, H.I | [143] |
Gelatin/zirconium-MOF | Naproxen, ibuprofen | 10 | - | 20 | 7 | 12 | 8.51, 10.23 2nd | 79, 77 L | 0–94, 0.95 | E.A, H, π–π | [144] |